The cDNA was obtained from 1 μg of RNA using the RevertAid™ First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (MBI Fermentas, St. The genomic DNA was eliminated using DNAse I treatment (Invitrogen). Total RNA was obtained from total bone marrow cells after removal of erythrocytes by hemolysis using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). MM patients received cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CTD n = 15), bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTD n = 1), CTD/VTD ( n = 4), or melphalan, prednisolone and thalidomide (MPT n = 9) protocol treatments or watchful waiting ( n = 1).
All healthy controls and patients provided informed written consent and the study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Patients’ characteristics are listed in Table 1. All patients included in the study were untreated at the time of sample collection. Bone marrow samples collected from healthy donors ( n = 21, median age 33 years range: 18–69), MM patients ( n = 30 median age 64 years range: 45–86) and plasma cell leukemia patients (PCL n = 4 median age 72 years range: 68–84) were analyzed. The aim of the present study was to investigate Stathmin 1 expression in respect to clinical and laboratorial characteristics, and outcomes of MM patients. 5,8,9 Using the microarray approach, stathmin 1 has been identified as one of 15 relevant genes that determine the outcome in MM patients.
3–7 Functional studies indicate that high stathmin 1 expression is able to sustain rapid cell division and proliferation of leukemia cells, which are suppressed by stathmin 1 inhibition. 2 Stathmin 1 overexpression has been reported in hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and primary myelofibrosis. 1 Stathmin 1, also named oncoprotein 18 (OP18) or leukemia-associated phosphoprotein p18 (LAP18), is a microtubule destabilizer that plays an important role in cell progression, clonogenicity, differentiation and survival. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells which accumulate in the bone marrow, resulting in recurrent hypercalcemia, anemia, osteolytic lesions, renal failure, and increased risk of infection.
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